Quotes & punctuation
Forms, boundaries, spacing and editorial meaning.
Quotation marks, apostrophes and nesting
Distinguish a quote form from its opening/closing role and regional convention.
Understand the topic →
Punctuation spacing and paired punctuation
Read the punctuation and locale before adding or removing a space.
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Hyphens, en dashes and em dashes
Choose the mark by meaning, then apply the publication’s style.
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Ellipsis and dot sequences
Separate omitted or trailing speech from literal sequences and leaders.
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Repeated punctuation
Decide whether repetition is voice, notation or an editing artifact.
Understand the topic →